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Spain is between the European countries with less geographic mobility of its employees - the attachment to the family, the house in property and the low level of languages dissuade to outside work an expert speech of geographic mobility like a wonderful opportunity of regulating the work markets, to diminish unemployment, to take advantage of better the human capital, to compensate inequalities, of economic development… But a worker, before a use elsewhere (another region, another country), although is for better, puts itself to give him also returned to the idea to move away of their friendly surroundings, of their family, to look for house in a place where perhaps the customs and the form of life defer a little, or much, of his. And judging by the numbers, to the great majority of the Spaniards them weight more all that than the labor opportunities. Within a Europe that moves rather little - while a 1.5% of the European are contracted in another Member State, geographic mobility in the USA is of the 5,9%-, Spain is below the average, as much in movement within the country as towards outside. Only 15% of the Spanish workers, all the ages, can put in their curriculum some experience outside their region or country, according to the Eurobarometer of 2005. A number that is five points below the European average, and very far from Germany, the United Kingdom or France. And if we approached only inner mobility, the situation does not vary much either. According to the data of that same report, 9% of the workers have moved sometimes of region to work, six points below the European average, and only over nine countries of the EU, among others, the neighbors of the south like Portugal or Italy. The Year of the Mobility of the workers in Europe was impelled by the European Commission in 2006. Between the reasons that they gave it was that in Europe they exist between two and three million uses without covering whereas the rate of unemployment is placed around 10%, 25% between the young people. And, although mobility has lights and shades - unavoidable mobility, the loss of talent in some zones or the voices that assure that it does not serve to reduce unemployment, are multitude of studies, information and experts who plead to foment the voluntary movement, mainly to increase the opportunities of the workers and, mainly, for the most formed. The Observatory of Labor Insertion of the University of Valencia concluded a study with more than 2,000 just licensed (in the five previous years) that those that has moved of their province, community or of the country have a pay a 30% better than those than remained and more are satisfied with their use. To Elena Bobadilla (30 years) it threw to him plus a better work in Madrid than to continue living with his sister and her fianc2e in Logroño, to 35 kilometers of his small native town, Baths of Tobía River, where her family lives. It happened a pair ago of months to comprise of that pequeñito percentage of travelling workers. That yes, after giving many returns him and to receive the support of its people - “We preferred verte the week ends contents that every day boring and demotivated”, they said to him. Now, female leader of department in the National Organization of Accreditation (the more important Spanish organism in subjects of quality verification), this bióloga has returned to her times of student in which to the house she talks about (she is sharing floor with two people not known until a few months ago), webcam every day speaks to a pair of hours through one with its boy and his sister, and ends them to the week usually happen in Logroño. Elena, lawyer in Chemicals, both fulfill characteristics fundamental of people more prepared to move: young person, with high formation and without children. But the case is that Spain is placed below the European average as far as the manager mobility - only a 13% are arranged to change of residence, even within Spain, against an average of 27% in the EU, according to a survey of the Institute of Company IESE and his just graduated - 11% has worked outside Spain, against 15% of the EU, according to a survey of the Agency of Quality of the universities (Aneca) -. Numbers that are not strange if the study of Bancaja of 2005 on the young people and market of work is also watched, that indicated that 80% prefer a use in their same locality. The university professor of Social Psychology and the Organizations Jose Maria Peiró is one of the authors of that one study and directs the Observatory of Labor Insertion of the University of Valencia. For him, it is not necessary more to throw a look to the number of college students whom its region or province studies in: 9 of each 10. Peiró makes use of cultural reasons to explain it. “If the numbers are watched, the countries with smaller mobility are those of the south of Europe, where very strong familiar networks exist”. But one is not only about the nostalgia or the food of Sundays, but of necessity. “Whereas in other European countries, mainly in the north, needs are covered by the State certain to conciliate the labor and familiar life, in the south less these policies are developed, reason why much support of the familiar networks exists”, explains Peiró. The difficulty to emancipate itself, as much by the price of the house and the lack of rents, like by the pays, completes the circle. The young people are prepared, generally, to move, but in Spain they do not manage to move at least of the familiar address until some thirty. The average age to which the Spaniards emancipate themselves, the 29 years, is of highest of the EU. 40% of the university titleholders almost continue living with their parents five years after finishing the race, according to the report of labor insertion of the Aneca. Of the other 12 countries studied in that report, only Italy is near the Spanish percentage. From the others, no arrives at 20% and in countries like Norway, Finland, Germany or Holland the number is practically anecdotal. But the Spaniards have another great problem at the time of moving of country: the second language. 65% recognize that it cannot speak, to read nor to write in English, a percentage only surpassed in their surroundings by Bulgarians, Hungarian and Turkish. An old problem in the Spanish education and that exceeds the one of other countries, but common in all the continent. “Mobility in Europe is very far from the one of the United States. The most important reasons are the different languages, the fear to lose the social benefits of your country and the proximity of the social networks, questions, all of them, that do not have easy solution”, assures Jan Goeman, expert of the PricewaterhouseCoopers consultant. Within Spain, the movement is not greater either. Surpassed the urgent needs of work that mobilized great migrations until the Eighties - “In Spain, now there is work in almost all parts”, indicates to the professor of the IESE Jose Ramon Pin, the numbers stagnated, although years have raised slightly in the last, probably thanks to the immigrants, much more arranged to change of community they see if it necessary - their rate of mobility between provinces is five times greater than the one of the Spaniards, according to the Ministry of Work. But they continue being behind other European countries. Again, the reasons that weigh more are the cultural ones, although they are not the unique ones. In order to begin, in the public sector, that employs to 17% of the employees, it finds some barriers, mainly because, with the majority of transferred competitions, the place gains in a community. Nevertheless, some of the most numerous civil servants, like the doctors and the professors, have option to participate in contests of transfers. But the Medical Organization Schoolboy assures that for a facultative one it is easier to go to another country that to another independent community. Against the affirmation of some administrations of which they lack doctors and is necessary to form to more, they maintain that the problem is that badly they are distributed. The problem is that the different norms from each independent Government not always allow to maintain the profits labor if the doctor moves. To this it is necessary to add the enormous competitiveness of the contests of transfers, mainly for the asked for destinies more, and the added to know Catalan, Galician or euskera difficulty (it gives more points) to go to a community with coofficial language, complains the Secretary General the Federation Education CC.OO., Jose Fields. The retirement that could cause the coofficial languages or the fact that to some they demand them companies to contract is not new. In fact, a great cloud rose when a few months ago the president Andalusian, Manuel Chaves, promised to teach Gallego, Catalan euskera and to the young people of his community wanted who it to facilitate mobility. Nevertheless, according to the professor of the IESE Jose Ramon Pin, the limitations that suppose the coofficial languages are “at the moment, although there are perceptions on the matter, a legend, because there is no a serious sociological study has verified that it”. It adds that perhaps yes it can suppose a problem for the families with sent to school children, but only in advanced courses: “When they are small, they learn another language and it already is”. Thus, Pin returns the view again to the strong attraction by the familiar roots and to the house: “The lack of a rent market causes that people buy, and that ties to them to the place where it is his house”, it says. It is in this point which the Organization for the Cooperation and the Economic Development affects (the OECD), who reunites to the industrialized countries of the world more. “The proportion of house of rent in Spain is one of lowest of all Europe [a 11% against a 38% of average], and it does not treat only about the mentality that takes to buy better than to rent, but by the fiscal incentives that occur to the purchase”, assures Andres Sources, economist of the OECD. “A 82% of the Spaniards are proprietor of the house in which it lives”, it adds. Elena Bobadilla, the young person, lawyer and moving body La Riojan worker who was left in Madrid at the beginning of this news article, knows well those problems real estate. When it was put to look for in the capital found “floors old woman, in very badly been and most expensive, in some they requested banking endorsement of 3,000 Euros, is much people looking for (I was a day in a floor that had seen eight people it in one hour)”. In the end, it had luck, it found a floor shared with one arquitecta Spanish and one Colombian journalist, to 15 minutes on foot of his work. But also it knows the part the purchase, since it continues paying next to his fianc2e the mortgage of his house in Logroño. “I must live a little apretadilla, but good, I believe that I have adapted well and am very safe of my decision”. It assures that she is contented, that to speak on a daily basis with its sister and to see the ends week its boy “it gives force him”. But certainly there is nothing misses? “Clear that yes: to be near my family”. The women, still less Give to equal the subject and the place, the historical inequality between men and women always appears with its irreducible persistence. Geographic mobility is not an exception. “The strong differences of sort Are manifest that we have found: the men move much more by work questions often that the women (a 44% against a 27%); the women much more often make the decision mudar far to follow their pairs”. This is what to the Mobility report of in Europe of the year last of the European Foundation for the Improvement of the Conditions of Life and Work say. They made these calculations with the data of the Eurobarometer of 2005. According to these same data, reflected in another report also published in 2007 by the foundation, more than half of the European that were displaced to another region or another country of the EU they had done it by “familiar reasons”. In the case of that they left outside the EU, the low percentage until 42%, but also very far from the proportion of men which they moved by the same reason, a 25%. In Spain, the data reflect a very similar situation. The rate of mobility between the men is the double that enters the women. 81% of the contracts that imply to move to other regions are of men, according to the data of the Observatory of Labor Mobility of the Ministry of Work. J.A. AUNIÓN (the extracted News of the Country)
 
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